Which theory asserts that people are driven to reduce tension by satisfying internal energy needs?

• A. Arousal Theory
• B. Instincts
• C. Drive Reduction Theory
• D. Belongingness

Answer: (C)

Drive Reduction Theory explains motivation as a response to internal biological needs that create a sense of tension or discomfort. When our bodies need energy—hunger or thirst, for example—the resulting drive pushes us to engage in behaviors (eating or drinking) to reduce that tension and bring our physiology back toward balance, or homeostasis. That direct link between internal energy states and the impulse to take corrective action is what makes this theory the best fit for the idea of being driven to satisfy internal needs to lessen tension.

Other theories describe different kinds of motivation. Arousal theory is about seeking an optimal level of alertness or excitement, not specifically about relieving internal energy tension. Instincts refer to inherited, preprogrammed patterns of behavior, not necessarily tied to reducing bodily tension. Belongingness centers on social needs and forming connections, which is about social motivation rather than restoring internal physiological balance.